Starting a Business Online Essay - 1252 Words

Assignment One BUS 107 April 19, 2012 Professor 1. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of taking your small business online by performing a SWOT analysis 2-4 items in each category. The online business I am going to start is Earl’s Flowers Togo. We sell flowers arrangements and candies online and we have a brick and mortar store. One of our strengths is that we sell affordable high quality flower arrangements with name brand candy. We have a website that is very internet friendly and you are able to click and drag your flowers to build your own flower arrangement with a price quote. Another one of our strengths is that we have 2 to 4 hour delivery from the time your place your order. Our weakness in the company is that†¦show more content†¦Territorial borders in the physical world serve a useful purpose in traditional commerce. In the physical world, geographic boundaries almost always coincide with legal and cultural boundaries. The relationship between geographical boundaries and legal boundaries can be discussed in terms of four elements: power, effects, legitimacy and notice. Power, in the form of control over physical space and the people and objects that reside in that space, is a defining characteristic of statehood. Effective law enforcement requires power. The ability of a government to exert control over a person or corporation is called jurisdiction. The level of power asserted by a government is limited to that which is accepted by the culture that exists within its geographic boundaries. Laws in the physical world are rounded in the relationship between physical proximity and the effects of a person’s behavior. Government-provided trademark protection is a good example. The characteristics of laws are determined by the local culture’s acceptance of or reluctance to various kinds of effects. Most people agree that the legitimacy right to create and enforce laws derives from the mandate of those who are subject to those laws. Legitimacy is the idea th at those subject to laws should have some role in formulating them. The physical boundary, when crossed, provides notice that one set of rules has beenShow MoreRelatedStarting a Business Online Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesthe advantages and disadvantage of taking a small business online by performing a SWOT analysis. It will provide key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce that includes trust, culture, language, government, and infrastructure. The businesses that operate on the Web that extends a company’s reach beyond traditional boundaries. Second, it will attempt to explain the Web increases the speed and efficiency of business communications. Finally, it will look at the lawRead MoreStarting a Business Online Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagessmall business online by performing a SWOT analysis. Include 2-4 items in each category. What is a SWOT analysis? It is an evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of a business unit and identification of opportunities presented by the markets of business units and threats posed by competitors. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats is what the letters of SWOT resemble (Schneider 2001 page 32).. Inside a business are where the strengths and weaknesses are found and what each business is capableRead MoreEssay about Starting a Business Online, Part 12356 Words   |  10 Pagese-Commerce, a business must look at several factors in order to determine if they are ready and able to do everything needed in order to make it successful. Companies should initially perform a SWOT analysis in order to determine if selling products online would be beneficial to the overall company. They also need to make sure they understand they will be dealing with customers all over the world and are willing to take on the work involved to know all of the legalities involved. Taking a bus iness onlineRead MoreManaging Communications, Knowledge and Information1200 Words   |  5 PagesCommunications, Knowledge and Information Introduction Starting a business require preparation, research and a lot of hard work. There are many decisions to be taken like type of business, financial support, location and so on. This decision has to be taken with a lot of care so they can overcome difficult stages of the business. New business also requires a strategic planning for future growth including products, partners and goals. Starting a business in the retail industry is a huge challenge facingRead MoreWhy Do You Go An Online Business? Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesplans to start their own internet business. Others nurture online business ideas that they think will shake the web for long-time before taking the leap of entrepreneurship. While there is nothing bad in dreaming big, it is important to keep the realities of starting and running an online business in mind. When it comes to starting a web business, there are hundreds of details to be mastered but let’s just focus on 11Cs under the most critical phases of starting an e-venture. And it only makes senseRead MoreStart Your Own Online Business For Free1314 Words   |  6 PagesStart an Online Business for Free Have you been wondering how to start your own online business for free? First let me tell you a story. About a year ago my wife and I split up and I became a single father of four. It was also at this time that I was diagnosed with a medical condition that forced me to quit my job. I was lost†¦I didn’t know how I would provide for my family – food, clothes, rent. I had nothing and no way to make money. I felt like a failure.It can be depressing trying to startRead MoreIt Is Not Always Easy To Find The Money To Launch A New1193 Words   |  5 Pagesto launch a new business. Traditional business loans are normally not an option for a fledgling business; lenders prefer to make loans to companies with established records of sales and expenses. However, insufficient funding is one of the leading reasons that new businesses fail. Caught between the proverbial rock and a hard place, many entrepreneurs wonder whether personal loans can and should be used to start a new business. Should Personal Loans Be Used to Launch a New Business? It is possibleRead MoreDesigning An E Commerce Solution Evaluation Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesReferences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Introduction. Many businesses have shown that after implementing an e-commerce system into their companies, sales have increased immensely. Sneaker Joe’s is a small family run business that is looking to expand their business after the sneakers they sell have shown to be very popular locally, after a picture of them was spotted on a social networking site. I have been looking at some of the most popular websites that consumers use to purchase theirRead MorePersonality Characteristics And Personality Traits1691 Words   |  7 Pagestechnologically savvy were also very important as they lay out a firm foundation during the establishment of business goals. In my opinion, one of the most sought after skills that clearly applies towards Tanseer was ‘Wearing many hats’ as throughout the interview I could understand that she single handedly works on her venture and has to work on everything, right from marketing her business to financing it and operating it successfully. She said â€Å"Sometimes you have to work overnights creating budgetRead MoreWeb Hosting798 Words   |  3 PagesAppendix A. When it comes to price, Yahoo! Small Business hosting at first appears to be the most attractive, even though the introductory rate of $3.47/month becomes $4.99/month after just three months (Yahoo, 2012). This is the cheapest basic hosting plan that was found in a search. Other details of the plan reveal that it might not be such a bargain (Yahoo, 2012). While Yahoo!s hosting service is very scalable and able to grow with the business, its service offerings are less than those of its

A Formal Definition Of Franchising - 1734 Words

Introduction and Overview In the business world there are many routes businesses can take to try to ensure a successful venture. There are sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability partnerships, corporations, limited liability corporations, S corporations, and then there is franchising. A formal definition of franchising is â€Å"a continuing relationship in which a franchisor provides a licensed privilege to the franchisee to do business and offers assistance in organizing, training, merchandising, marketing and managing in return for a monetary consideration† (Franchising, n.d.). In simpler terms, franchising is paying someone for their business, marketing, and operations strategy, as well as the use of their name (Obringer, n.d.). Discussed next are the important roles in franchising. Two Roles of Franchising There are two important roles in franchising are the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchisor is the owner of the brand, product, or service, while the franchisee is the party that pays for the right to use the brand, product, or service. Usually the franchisee â€Å"pays a one-time franchisee fee plus a percentage of sales revenue as royalty† (What is†¦, n.d.). Unfortunately the franchisee fee does not include all of the necessary start up costs. There are many other fees and costs to be expected in order to successfully start up a franchise. These costs are worth it to franchisees though, because once the fees are paid they â€Å"gain immediate name recognition,Show MoreRelatedThe Methods Of Strategy Development Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesmix of them. Competing successfully in the market place would require combining with other methods. Joint Development Joint development is choice in situations of entry into foreign markets. Joint development types acceptable for company are franchising, licensing, and export agents. The advantages of joint development are various, and involves, co-operated: (1) exploring and approaches to new markets, (2) setting and monitoring of customer behavior, standards and power, (3) market research, (4)Read MoreFranchising : An Exciting Venture Essay2079 Words   |  9 PagesFranchising has been long known to be an exciting venture for any person who wishes to buy into the idea (Timmons and Spinelli, 2008). There is an assortment of elements that combine to ensure a correct franchise opportunity is formed, which set the guidelines to ensure a franchisee is not being induced into an unfair agreement. No successful franchise would be established without following the four cornerstones of franchising (Webber, 2012 pg. 13), this includes: the license itself, the assuranceRead MoreNestle, A Swiss Company Essay9 49 Words   |  4 Pagesbreakfast cereals, ice creams, chocolates and confectionery, prepared foods, beverages, food services, bottled water, and pet care. STRATEGIES OF NESTLE: STRATEGY DEFINITION: Strategy, according to Johnson ET el., 2013, state it is the direction of the company it wishes to make in the long term. However, the definition is simplistic in its explanation. Strategy is how companies establish getting, pursuing, achieving their missions and objectives (Thompson and Martin, 2005). While RichardRead MoreReasons for the Phenomenal Growth of the Informal Economy Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth of the informal economy. Firstly, I will provide a brief definition of informal and formal economies. I will also discuss the inequalities and instability of the formal economy environment. Focusing on the manoeuvres which manufacturers and individuals use within the informal economy to alleviate these stresses. I will also put forward a concept of ‘Interactive Distribution’ which combines the best of what informal and formal economies have to offer the economic environment. Creating a powerfulRead MoreStrategy And Structure Of International Business Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesincentives and processes, organizational culture and people. An international business can be organized in three different dimension. A vertical differentiation, which emphasizes on where decision are made, a horizontal differentiation, which concerns the formal division of the organization and in the integrating mechanisms which focuses on the coordination of subunits. Based on the way a firm it organizes, a manager should identify which strategy is appropriate to its organizational structure. For instanceRead MoreFast Food Industry : The World s Largest Restaurant Chain And Now Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesexpansion into the coffee market in India is facilitated primarily through the expansion of franchise units though two major franchisees which combined own about 370 units in India. According to our textbook, MGMT: Principles of Management, the definition of â€Å"a franchise is a collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licenses the entire business to another person or organization, the franchisee.† A major challenge to McDonald’s isRead MoreOrganizing Function of Management1459 Words   |  6 Pagesfranchised restaurant sites. This maintains long-term occupancy rights, helps control related costs and assists in alignment with franchisees (McDonald’s Corporation, 2010) McDonald’s Corporation views themselves primarily as a franchisor and believe franchising is important to delivering great, locally-relevant customer experiences and driving profitability. However, directly operating restaurants is paramount to being a credible franchisor and is essential to providing company personnel with restaurantRead MoreTrade Secrets : Ethics And Professional Issues1205 Words   |  5 Pages TRADE SECRETS ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN IT TASK-3 NAVEEN KUMAR AARE PROFESSOR: - RICHARD LANIER Trade secrets are by definition not disclosed to the world at large. Instead, owners of trade secrets seek to protect trade secret information from competitors by instituting special procedures for handling it, as well as technological and legal security measures. Legal protections include non-disclosure agreements (NDA) and non-compete clauses. In exchange for an opportunityRead MoreInditex Strategy2647 Words   |  11 Pagesthe most important multinational and one of the most weighty multinationals in Spain. A Multinational Corporation can be defined as enterprises which own or control production or service facilities outside the country in which they are based (definition by the UN; Czinkota, 1992; page 298). Inditex can be classified as a multinational since they offer their services in 800 outlets in 25 countries all over the world, although the production is done in Spain, its home country. It also follows someRead MorePizza Hut3185 Words   |  13 Pagesthe OB, and one of the main focuses of our project is to explain how Pizza Hut go about responding to workforce diversity and also how they tackle problems concerning it. This paper also intends to come up with formal definition of the motivation that we have covered. Along with definition it has discussed on how companies can apply certain tactics to cope with different challenges and opportunities.

The Baader-Meinhof Gang Free Essays

The Baader-Meinhof or the Red Army Faction (RAF) was a prominent militant outfit of the ‘German Autumn. ’ A terror era that lasted for nearly three decades was marked by the rise and fall of several terrorist organizations. One of the most dreaded of these was the Baader-Meinhof Gang. We will write a custom essay sample on The Baader-Meinhof Gang or any similar topic only for you Order Now Originally formed as a revolutionary organization that would put an end to German fascist era, the gang went off-track with its goals and resorted to unlawful activities. At their peak, they had perpetrated numerous acts of terror including bank robbery, kidnapping and murder. They had become so infamous that the German Government labeled them as a terrorist organization. The origin of the Baader-Meinhof can be traced back to the late 1960s and early 1970s when West Germany reeled under a series of terrorist bombings by radical leftists in Augsburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Munich and at American installations in Frankfurt and Heidelburg, and bank robberies and Molotov cocktail attacks on public offices (Christenson 20). Two groups claimed responsibility for the attacks and one of these groups was the June 2nd Movement, which along with the other group was later known as the Baader-Meinhof gang (Christenson 20). A couple of the people involved in these activities were Andreas Baader, the man responsible for the formation of the gang, and his girlfriend Gundrun Ensslin. A prominent journalist who worked for the Konkret – Ulrike Meinhof – had interviewed the two people and justified their deeds, and later joined the gang after helping Baader escape from a jail (Christenson 20). Essaywriters 2 The formal establishment of the RAF or Baader-Meinhof gang was done on 5 June 1970, but the gang’s terrorist acts caught serious attention only since 1974 (Fulbrook 229). The gang, comprising mostly of people who were middle class and well-educated, was formed with the frustration that had crept in to their minds after witnessing their families die in the 1940s (Fulbrook 229). This was one of the primary reasons given by the gang, which felt that the government’s true, oppressive face has to be brought before the public. As a result, they started attacks on property and also engaged in bank robberies to fund their activities (Fulbrook 229). However, the real threat had begun when they had started to commit murders of popular people like the banker Jurgen Ponto; General State Prosecutor Buback, who they accused of causing the deaths of terrorists – Holger Meins, Siegfried Hauser and Ulrike Meinhof; and employers’ leader Hanns Martin Schleyer (a high-ranked official in SS) (Fulbrook 229). The most prominent of their involvements was in the Munich Olympics Massacre of 1972 (Reeve 37). The Organization The Baader-Meinhof Gang was formed out of the New Left and Extra Parliamentary Opposition student movements that had huge support from the German students in the 1950s and the 1960s, especially against the U. S. war in Vietnam (Tucker 95). With the passage of time, further student demonstrations took place and on June 2, a university student called Benno Ohnesorg was shot dead by the police, adding fuel to the fire burning in the students’ hearts (Tucker 96). Andreas Baader encouraged student Essaywriters 3 activists to overthrow the German Government as it was a part of the corrupt International system and was dominated by the United States (Tucker 96). The real terrorist group was formed after a left-wing lawyer named Horst Mahler suggested the creation of a German urban Guerilla Movement, like the Tupamaros in Uruguay, and engagement in greater violence than arson (Tucker 96). Mahler, along with Baader and Ensslin were the leaders of this small terrorist group. When Baader was arrested after the group was formed in 1970, Ensslin asked Meinhof for help and the journalist helped him escape (Tucker 96). Terror Activities The terrorist gang started its first few attacks on symbols that represented the capitalist system and in 1968, after Baader led left-wing student group Kommune I was released for arson activity, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and two other colleagues placed bombs in two department stores in Frankfurt am Main (Tucker 96). Andreas and his girlfriend, Ensslin, were arrested for the act, but were later released in 1969 (Tucker 96). In the period 1970-1977, the gang targeted a number of government top-ranked officials for assassination. They were successful in this goal when they assassinated prominent individuals like Jurgen Ponto, Prosecutor Buback and Hanns-Martin Schelyer (Fulbrook 229). Schleyer’s body was dumped inside the boot of a car after a hijack attempt by the gang was stopped by Federal Border Police in Mogadishu (Fulbrook 229). The hijack had been planned to force the government to release the gang’s top leaders Baader, Raspin and Ensslin. When Holger Meins, one of the people arrested in 1972, died Essaywriters 4 of a hunger strike, the group killed Judge Gunter Von Drenkkman in response (Christenson 21). When police arrested many supporters of leftist terrorist organizations in connection with this incident, the June 2nd group kidnapped West Berlin mayoral candidate Peter Lorenz and demanded the release of five convicted people, and in March, another group bombed the Paris office of West German publisher Axel Springer demanding the release and pardon of Baarden-Meinhof group’s members (Christenson 21). In another incident in April 1975, six guerillas killed three people and took 12 hostages in the West German Embassy in Stockholm demanding the release of the gang and when the government refused, they killed two diplomats and set the embassy on fire (Christenson 21). Main People in the Group Andreas Baader The most prominent name in the Baader-Meinhof gang is Andreas Baader and the group was named after him. Baader was attracted to the leftist-student movement and he was one of the people responsible for the bombing of a Frankfurt department store in 1968. He was a criminal even before his involvement in the Baader-Meinhof gang. He was arrested for the department store bombing, but was released. He was arrested a second time in 1970, when Ulrike Meinhof helped him escape through the library outside his prison. After the escape, he had spent some time in Jordan in a militant training camp. After he returned to Germany, he was involved in many bank robberies and bombing activities from 1970-1972. In June 1972, Baader and other members Jan-Carl Raspe, Essaywriters 5 Holger Meins and Gudrun Ensslin were arrested and they were tried till 1977. Baader had committed suicide in October 1977 inside the prison cell. Ulrike Meinhof Ulrike Meinhof was not a part of the group from the beginning. She was a sympathizing journalist who helped Baader escape from jail. Along with Baader and other prominent people, she became a part of the Baader-Meinhof gang. On May 9, 1976, Ulrike Meinhof was found hanging from the ceiling of her prison cell in Stuttgart-Stammheim. Gudrun Ensslin Although the group was partly named after Ulrike, the gang’s main female leader was Ensslin, who was also the girlfriend of Baader. She had participated in many student protests in the 1960s. Ensslin had assisted Baader in many terror activities. She was also found dead with Baader and Raspe in the prison cell in 1977. Horst Mahler Horst Mahler was also one of the founding members of the Baader-Meinhof gang. He was formerly a left-wing militant. He was later kicked out of the gang. Jan-Carl Raspe Jan-Carl Raspe was one of the early members of the gang. He was arrested along with Baader and the rest. He was also found dead in the prison with others in 1977. Essaywriters 6 The Diffusion of the Group Although the government believed that the Baader-Meinhof gang stopped functioning after the death of its main leaders, the group continued to function till 1998. The media company Reuters had received a message in 1998 that formally announced that the gang had been dissolved. It was the end of the ‘German Autumn. ’ Essaywriters 7 Works Cited Christenson, Ron. â€Å"Political Trials in History: From Antiquity to the Present† (1991): 20-23 Fulbrook, Mary. â€Å"History of Germany, 1918-2000: The Divided Nation† (2002): p. 229 Reeve, Simon. â€Å"One Day in September† (2000): 37 Tucker, Jonathan. B. â€Å"Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons† (2000): 95-96 How to cite The Baader-Meinhof Gang, Papers

Expository Essay - Conflict free essay sample

April Stafford Every individual is bound to encounter some sort of conflict throughout their lifetime. Conflict can be engaged in both a positive or negative way. These disputes play a great role in being human and assists individuals in developing their responses and behaviour. Such battle becomes inevitable as some individuals have their own opinions to share or impose, some people all over the world are discriminated due to racial differences. People brought up in an environment surrounded by violence and sometimes certain people must encounter conflict to resolve the problem. Conflict becomes hard to avoid as every individual has their own opinion and they want their voices to be heard. For example in the text The Rugmaker of Mazar-E-Sharif a detainee of a main camp in South Australia demonstrated emotional and physical conflict. This man had been an Afghan, although the Australians in charge of the main camp did not think so. Australia, would it have been such a tragedy id you had accepted this mans story? Would your country have been more destroyed? Surely not. To be called a liar by the Australians, the man responded by sewing his lips together. He did not feel like his input changed anything, he did not feel like anyone believed what he had to say therefore he felt no reason to speak. In relation to this man who had sewn his lips together, Asylum seekers detained on Christmas Island had also sewn their lips in protest against the detention centres. Many of these detainees were offered medical assistance but refused the offer as they were hopeful that from sewing their lips would change the outcome of an unsuccessful visa. Ian Rintoul from the Refugee action Coalition states that it is the uncertainty which creates despair inside detention centres and leads to this kind of response. Many voices speak their own words but some people never hear these words out. The uncertainty of responses is what leads to this conflict. Many people are exposed to such grief and struggle in relation to the kind of culture they came from. This is an issure which people cannot control. With the 5 different countries all under the same roof of the detention centre in Woomera, thoughts of inequality and favouristim lead to mistrust thrown between everyone. When Najaf is working in the mess serving food, he witnesses an Iranian giving more food to another Iranian, later a Chechen complains leaving the Afghans to decide whos side theyre on. If they keep us here long enough, there will probably be a war. Many of the detainees in the detention centre make jokes about the other people from different countries. This leads arguments to turn into tiny wars. After the 9/11 incident which took place on September 11th 2001, racial profiling became an issure all across the U. S. Critics had thought that all arab-looking people had been suspects of this event and were forced to be searched. This grabbed the attention from media and law enforcement agencies. From such racial criticism put on people who have no idea whats happening leads them feeling singled out and humiliated. People that were randomly chosen for security checks all happened to be either wearing a type of religious head clothing or have a dark skin complexion. It isnt the fact that everyone is different although were all human, there will always be people who will judge people based on what country they come from or how they look. People are forced against verbal and an emotional dispute which they cant change or control, but instead must endure. Conflict can be forced on an individual. Najaf had been a witness to violence and trauma, he endured the taliban bombings of his hometown in Afghanistan. Najaf witnessed the continuous fights between the mujahedins and the communists. Like almost every Afghan, I have witnessed a number of explosions in my life, always unwillingly. Najaf was brought up in a nature of misery and injustice. he had no input to change the outcome of war, he had to live and tolerate the physical and emotional struggle. A documentary Children in Conflictconveys similar consequences and responses to living in a violent envrionment. These kids had been brought up in a devistating country. Children in conflict gives an insight of the kids who are affected by this situation and shows the type of conflict they experience. These kids experience a mix of emotional and physical conflict. One of the Afghan children interviewd says War has affected us in a way which has made our lives horrible and we have lost our parents. As these kids are at such a young age, with no parents, they take on adult responsibilities for themselves. This conflict is unavoidavle as people cannot help the fact they were brought up in a country where there is little food but great violence. In situations of dispute, people will find that sometimes conflict has to be engaged with in order for it to be resolved. As Najaf had found work in a factory, his boss accused Najaf of being a lazy worker and not making productive time. In response to what his boss said, Najaf had been frustrated. I explained to him, angrily, that my pride cannot bear being thought lazy I would rather starve on the street than have a man standing over me and judging me unfairly. Instead of Najaf just letting the situation pass, he argued back which resulted with an apology from his boss therefore resolving the situation. In 2011, an Australian student, 15 years of age named Casey Heynes spent the last 3 years of his life since 2011 being bullied by other kids at his school in Western Sydney. A 12 year old school boy named Ritchard Gale bullied Casey by calling him names such as fatty, telling him to go lose weight and then continuously punching casey and slapping the back of his head. This went on for number of days until Casey decided to show some self defence. Casey stood up to the bully, Ritchard who had been hitting him and took grab of him and threw him to the ground. Thats why I picked him up and dropped him cause I was scared, I just wanted to defuse the situation. From engaging with verbal, physical and emotional conflict Caseys response was able to resolve the issue. When Casey retaliated on the bully nobody had touched or teased him ever since. In conclusion, it is evident that conflict is an unavoidable part of being human.

New York Times Coverage of the Nike+ Advertising Campaign

Abstract This paper evaluates the New York Times coverage of the advertising campaign undertaken by the Nike company in 2007 to generate sale for its Nike+ sensor, used to help runners log and organize their training runs. Nike was one of many companies at the time that switched its focus away from traditional advertising outlets such as magazine advertisements and celebrity endorsed television commercials and instead shifted its attention to the potential of the web to create interactive consumer relationships.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on New York Times Coverage of the Nike+ Advertising Campaign specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nike is well known for large scale advertising campaigns of the 1980s and 1990s that made full use of traditional advertising vehicles such as television. Perhaps the most famous examples are the Michael Jordan commercials from the eighties and the Tiger Woods campaigns of th e nineties. In both campaigns, millions of dollars were spent not only on the celebrities themselves, but on the television networks that ran the commercials. In recent years Nike has changed its advertising focus to the Internet; web based advertising has generated record profits for the company, and has also create a closer, more stable and resilient brand loyalty amongst Nike consumers. The company recognized the ever growing presence of the web as a staple advertising engine. Nike’s target market now spends most of its time on the web and on mobile devices, and the company has adjusted its advertising campaigns and advertising budgets to reflect this shift in consumer interest and attention. This paper analyzes the article The New Advertising Outlet: Your Life, which appeared in the Media and Advertising section of the New York Times on October 14, 2007. At that time the Nike company was at the vanguard of a new breed of advertising campaign that switched its focus away f rom traditional advertising outlets such as magazine advertisements and celebrity endorsed television commercials and instead shifted its attention to the web and local, in-person community based events to market their clothing, shoes and exercise equipment (Story 2007). In 2007 Nike launched a campaign to create an interactive advertising and build relationships with consumers directly through its web site and other electronic based advertising and media channels (Story 2007). This campaign was so successful that Nike entirely transformed its advertising ethos and saved millions on its advertising budget (Story 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historically, Nike has spent millions on advertising. The advertising campaign covered in the article was incredibly successful from a cost savings perspective. In 2006 Nike spent just over 30 per cent of the $678 million it ha d earmarked for its United States advertising budget, which would have gone to traditional advertisements on television networks and traditional media outlets such as magazines, newspapers and billboards (Story 2007). By way of comparison, in 1996 the company spent 55 per cent of its United States advertising budget (Story 2007). With a savings of over 20 per cent, the switch to online advertising was a win-win situation for Nike: not only did the campaign generate profit, it saved money (Story 2007). Nike made full use of the Internet as part of its communications and advertising strategy (Story 2007). Nike’s Internet advertising strategy creates a relationship with consumers; the company’s approach is reciprocal, and creates an interactive relationship between consumers, products and the web (Story 2007). On of the examples described in the article is the Nike+, a tiny sensor that runners place in their running shoes that can help them track their training regimen (S tory 2007). At the end of every training session, runners dock their mobile devices into their computers and upload the particulars of their run onto the Nike+ site (Story 2007). In this way, Nike’s Internet advertising strategy provides the conduit for community, all the while boosting sales and creating a long term relationship with consumers via the web. Runners who use Nike+ can make â€Å"friends with other runners around the world who post running routes, meet up in the real world and encourage one another on the site† (Story 2007). According to Story (2007), Nike’s â€Å"famous swoosh is there all along. For Nike, this is advertising† (Story 2007). The company connects directly with consumers online. â€Å"It’s a very different way to connect with consumers, says Trevor Edwards, Nike’s corporate vice president for global brand and category management† (Story 2007). â€Å"People are coming [to the site] on average three times a week. So we’re not having to go to them† (Story 2007). The campaign’s effectiveness surprised even the senior management of Nike. In the summer of 2007 the company recorded over two million visitors to its family of Nike-owned web sites, and in terms of sales, the campaign encouraged tremendous growth. According to Story (2007), the company’s global sales grew â€Å"to more than $16 billion from $10 billion. And executives say the new type of marketing is a part of that trend† (Story 2007). At the time of the article’s writing, the company planned to deploy the Nike+ idea in some of its other product categories, including â€Å"basketball, tennis and soccer† (Story 2007).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on New York Times Coverage of the Nike+ Advertising Campaign specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sales support for the campaign was a combination of the virtual interaction with consumers who used the Nike+, and on the ground in person sales associates who manned Nike’s athletically-inspired sales events, such as the 2006 â€Å"three-on-three soccer matches for youths in 37 countries and its San Francisco marathon for women† (Story 2007). The article also highlighted some of Nike’s other in person and in store services that fell under the auspices of the advertising campaign (Story 2007). An example was the company’s sponsorship of a â€Å"Nike Running Club† that it operated from its flagship New York store (Story 2007). The Nike Running Club helps New York City runners map out their running routes, gather training advice for their runs, and sit in on speaker series and running workshops (Story 2007). The engine behind this shift in advertising focus remains the power of the web to attract and hold consumer attention, which represents â€Å"a fundamental change in Nike’s view of the role of advert ising,† as well as a fundamental shift in consumer behavior (Story 2007) . The article highlights other campaigns that do use celebrity endorsements, however these ads â€Å"are shown only on the Internet† (Story 2007). An example offered by the article is the campaign featuring British soccer star Wayne Rooney in a series of videos, all of which premiered online, as well as the 2005 â€Å"2-minute, 46-second clip of the Brazilian soccer player Ronaldinho† which also premiered online (Story 2007). This video generated more than â€Å"17 million views on YouTube and became so well known that some television networks like Sky Sports and the BBC showed it in their news coverage — free† (Story 2007). According to the Nike executives interviewed for the article, the company’s â€Å"future advertising spending will take the form of services for consumers, like workout advice, online communities and local sports competitions,† with the goal o f the advertising campaign to build brand loyalty first and foremost online (Story 2007). According to Stefan Olander, Nike’s global director for brand connections, Nike wants â€Å"to find a way to enhance the experience and services, rather than looking for a way to interrupt people from getting to where they want to go† (Story 2007). The campaign sells Nike expertise as well as its products, and creates a service so â€Å"that the consumer goes, ‘Wow, you really made this easier for me† (Story 2007). References Story, L. (2007, October 14) The new advertising outlet: Your life. The New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.comAdvertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on New York Times Coverage of the Nike+ Advertising Campaign was written and submitted by user Jake Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gram Definition and Examples in Science

Gram Definition and Examples in Science A gram is a unit of mass in the metric system defined as one thousandth (1 x 10-3) of a kilogram. Originally, the gram was defined as a unit equal to the mass of one cubic centimeter of pure water at 4 °C (the temperature at which water has maximum density). The definition was changed when the base units for the International System of Units (SI) were redefined by the 26th General Conference of Weights and Measures. The change went into effect May 20, 2019. The symbol for the gram is the lowercase letter g. Incorrect symbols include gr (the symbol for grains), Gm (the symbol for the gigameter), and gm (easily confused with the symbol for the gram-meter, gâ‹…m). Gram may also be spelled gramme. Key Takeaways: Gram Definition The gram is a unit of mass.One gram is one thousandth the mass of one kilogram. The previous definition of the gram was the absolute weight of a 1-centimeter cube of pure water at 4  °C.The symbol for the gram is g.The gram is a small unit of mass. It is approximately the mass of one small paper clip. Examples of Gram Weight Because a gram is a small unit of weight, its size may be difficult for many people to visualize. Here are common examples of objects that have about one gram of mass: A small paperclipA thumbtackA piece of chewing gumOne US billA pen capOne cubic centimeter (milliliter) of waterA quarter teaspoon of sugar Useful Gram Conversion Factors Grams may be converted into several other units of measurement. Some common conversion factors include: 1 gram (1 g) 5 carats (5 ct)1 gram (1 g) 10-3 kilograms (10-3 kg)1 gram (1 g) 15.43236 grains (gr)1 troy ounce (ozt) 31.1035 g1 gram 8.98755179Ãâ€"1013 joules (J)500 grams 1 Jin (Chinese unit of measurement)1 avoirdupois ounce (oz) 28.3495 grams (g) Uses of the Gram The gram is widely used in science, particular chemistry and physics. Outside of the United States, the gram is used to measure non-liquid cooking ingredients and produce (e.g., flour, sugar, bananas). Relative composition for food nutrition labels is stated per 100 grams of product, even within the United States. History of the Gram In 1795, the French National Convention replaced the gravet with the gramme in the metric system. While the term changed, the definition remained that of the weight of one cubic centimeter of water. The word gramme came from the Latin word gramma which in turn derived from the Greek word grmma. The grmma was a unit used in Late Antiquity (around the 4th century AD) equal to two oboli (Greek coins) or one twenty-fourth part of an ounce. The gram was a fundamental unit of mass in the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system in the 19th century. The meter-kilogram-second (MKS) system of units was proposed in 1901, but the CGS and MKS systems co-exists throughout the early to mid 20th century. The MKS system became the system of base units in 1960. However, the gram was still defined based on the mass of water. In 2019, the gram was defined based on the kilogram. The kilogram has a mass almost exactly equal to that of one liter of water, but its definition has been refined, too. In 2018, Plancks constant was defined. This allowed definition of the kilogram in terms of the second and the meter. Plancks constant h  is defined to be  6.62607015Ãâ€"10−34  and equal to one kilogram meter squared per second (kgâ‹…m2â‹…s−1). Even so, standard masses for the kilogram still exist and are used as secondary standards for kilogram and gram weights. For all practical purposes, a liter of pure water has a mas s of one kilogram and a milliliter of pure water has the mass of one gram. Sources Materese, Robin (November 16, 2018). Historic Vote Ties Kilogram and Other Units to Natural Constants. NIST.  National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. NIST Handbook. 44 (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. ISSN 0271-4027.

The Rule of Saint Benedict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Rule of Saint Benedict - Essay Example One of the reasons why it was and remains so popular is its objectivity, which makes it much more sustainable than related precepts especially because it allows for a moderate line between the zeal of individual devotion and institutionalism1. The rule was essentially designed to create an environment in which the needs of monks in communities could be provided to foster a deeper understanding into human nature, providing spiritual mentorship, support the monk’s ascetic endeavors and develop spiritual growth. This paper will endeavor to analyze the text by primarily focusing on; the historical context in which the Rule emerged, the factors that drove Saint Benedict to write it, his secondary sources of information and the role the rules played and continue to play in religious and non-religious discourse. For as long as it has existed, the rule has been used by Benedictine monks and to many scholars, saint Benedict is considered to be the originator of western monasticism alth ough historians had suggested that he probably had no outward intention of starting a religious order. Among the many advantages of these rules is that they allow of communities of monks to be autonomous and thus operate without outside influence or direct co-operation. Consequently, communities that apply these rules have enjoyed a variety of benefits from the accruing independence such as the development of close internal bonds and more contemplative lifestyles without outside distraction. While the book is quite explicit on some of it requirements, it is not iron clad and it allows the Abbott to use his discretion when circumstances demand it.2 The lessons, according to Benedict were not meant to dictate but provide a guide of those wishing to spend their lives in holy contemplation especially beginners. Overview The rule has seventy-three chapters and these are divided into edicts about the duties of the abbot, regulation of worshiping God, chastisement and consequences for brea king rules, the core management of the monastery and miscellaneous rules. It prologues with a hortary preface through which Saint Benedict lays down the basic tenets of the religious life and the renunciation of an individual’s will to take up a life of Christ In his summation, the rules will serve as the foundation for the formation of a school in which salvation shall the taught as a science. Through their perseverance in the monastery for the duration of their natural lives, monks will be deemed as qualified to be partakers of the kingdom of Christ Owing to the scope of the rules, it is not possible to summarize it explicitly by the chapter since that would require an entire paper of considerable length. Nevertheless, several of the rules, which have a bearing on the historical context to the text, will be briefly discussed herein. Benedict makes it clear that the rule is only relevant to two classes of monks, those are the Cenobites, Hermits, and it precludes the Gyrovagi and Sarabites who did not follow any specific code and were, in Benedict’s opinion a disgrace to the monastic profession. He emphasizes on the authority of the abbot who all the monks must obey without question and in the selfsame way requires the abbot is an honorable and godly individual. Concerning the personal lives of the monk, the rules demand that they must live frugally and what little they have such as extra clothes should be

The Power and the Glory and The Road Compared Essay

The Power and the Glory and The Road Compared - Essay Example â€Å"Altogether they had shot about five priests —two or three had escaped, the bishop was safely in Mexico City, and one man had conformed to the Governor's law that all priests must marry. He lived now near the river with his house-keeper. That, of course, was the best solution of all, to leave the living witness to the weakness of their faith. It showed the deception they had practised all these years. For if they really believed in heaven or hell, they wouldn't mind a little pain now, in return for what immensities. †¦ The lieutenant, lying on his hard bed, in the damp hot dark, felt no sympathy at all with the weakness of the flesh.† (pg. 16) On this part of the book, the lieutenant is the author's method of showing the great contrast between his typical characters who shows great faith and this character who is against everything that his usual characters believe in. In this passage, the lieutenant scorns what he perceives as the weakness of faith. He believes that the priests should have shown more strength of character by enduring the pains that comes with their faith instead of taking the easy way out and proving how worthless their faith now seems to be. â€Å"He had been walking all day and he was very tired: he found a dry spot and sat down.When the lightning struck he could see the clearing: all around was the gentle noise of the dripping water. It was nearly like peace, but not quite. For peace you needed human company— his aloneness was like a threat of things to come. Suddenly he remembered—for no apparent reason—a day of rain at the American seminary, the glass windows of the library steamed over with the central heating, the tall shelves of sedate books, and a young man—a stranger from Tucson—drawing his initials on the pane with his finger—that was peace. He looked at it from the outside: he couldn't believe that he would ever again get in. He had made his own world, and this was it—the empty broken huts, the storm going by, and fear again—fear because he was not alone after all.† (pg.85) In this passage, the author put the character in a weakened state. When he said that in order to get peace, you need human company, it entails the fears of the author who finds himself seemingly afraid of the things that he will have to face on his own. He longs for the trivial things like writing your name on a window pane with your finger, because in his weakened state, he associates that action with the sense of peace that is beyond his grasp at the moment. When he mentioned that he looked at it from the outside, he was pertaining to the feeling that he can never go back and things will never be the way it used to be. Other excerpts from the book will be as follows: â€Å"An old man who married was grotesque enough, but an old priest ... He stood outside himself and wondered whether he was even fit for hell.† -Jose (The priest who got married) (pg.18) The way the old priest condemns himself for what he has done made it difficult to hate his character in the book. The author, by giving insights to the personal and inner turmoils of the characters made it possible to humanize them, and in more ways than one, aids in sympathizing with the characters. â€Å"It is astonishing the sense of innocence that goes with sin—only the hard and careful man and the saint are free of it...† â€Å"He wanted to say to this man: "Love is not wrong, but love should be happy and open—it is only wrong when it is secret, unhappy ... it can be more unhappy than anything but the loss of God. It is the loss of God. You don't need a penance, my child, you have suffered quite enough,"... -Priest (pg.97) Some passages are quite depressing, not only because of the context in which they were used in the story but because of the truth that

Business Planning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Planning and Development - Essay Example Horlicks is regarded as one of the leading health food drinks all over the world. Brothers namely James and William Horlick of England were the co-inventor of Horlicks. In the year 1873, James and William had established a business to manufacture their own brand of infant food. After 10 years, both the brothers gained patent for their company as a dried milk. From the year 1887, the company marketed its offerings by the name of â€Å"malted milk†. Malted milk had become very popular at that time because it was mixed up with ice cream. Horlicks contains a massive range of vitamins and minerals. It keeps nervous systems healthy. It gives energy to people. Horlicks was the first launched product that is used to increase the nutrition of infants. Horlicks was used in London as hot protein drink when the Olympic Games were held in the year 1948. At that time, Horlicks was very popular because it provided required energy to the players. Consequently, it is comprehended that since th e era of World War II, Horlicks has been marketed as an energy boosting health drink to facilitate its reach amid a wider section of target audience from infants to sports persons. At present, GlaxoSmithKline is the manufacturer of Horlicks in the regions such as the United Kingdom, India, Bangladesh and South Africa among others (Horlicks, 2011). A PEST Analysis to Discuss the Effect of Recent Events on the Modern Communication Efforts of Horlicks It can be apparently stated that the political, economic, social and technological factors significantly affect the marketing communication activities performed by a company. Any kind of changes in events can cause major strategic changes for a brand to market its product. A brand might require altering its pricing and promotional strategies in keeping with changes in economic condition of a nation. Similarly, in case of Horlicks as well these factors have had a considerable influence. Political Environment Political influence can origina te for a product from diverse sources which in turn can affect a brand’s marketing and operational strategies. In relation to Horlicks, it is determined that political factors such as government polices related to food safety can create a significant impact on it progression (Jordan, 1998). In this regard, it is observed that the advertising standards authority (ASA) in the United Kingdom had in recent times objected the commercial tagline used by Horlicks i.e. â€Å"Taller, Stronger, Sharper†. Horlicks has used this tagline in countries such as India as well to provide a commercial direction to its offerings. In addition, Horlicks has utilised the aspect of exam fear prevailing amid children to create a niche market for it’s a majority of variety of products. However, such an approach is viewed as an attempt to cash in on the target consumers fear, insecurity and anxiety (Shukla, 2012). Thus, governing authority in countries such as the UK have clamped down on this kind of promotional endeavour, which in turn can influence Horlicks’s marketing communication efforts. Economic Environment The UK economy has changed from the year 1970. Since that period, there has been a steady rise in the level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which has

Negative Aspects Of Nuclear Power Plants

Negative Aspects Of Nuclear Power Plants There are many different types of power sources across the world that produce electricity in many different ways. There are methods that use the power of nature, such as: hydroelectric power which uses the power of water to spin a turbine, windmills that use the power of the wind to spin a generator, and solar power which uses the heat from the sun. There are also man-made methods such as: power plants that burn coal, generators that burn gasoline, and plants that burn wood to use the heat from the fires to produce electricity. There is also nuclear power, which uses the heat from a radioactive isotope to produce electricity. Nuclear power is formed by energy harnessed from a natural resource. It is produced in power plants or power houses. Nuclear power is efficient, uses fewer natural resources, and adds a minimal amount of pollution to the atmosphere (Wilcox 1996). In the same respects, nuclear power can be very dangerous and produce long term negative effects to the environment. Radioactivity is extremely harmful, not only to the environment, but also to the people who come in contact with it. This has long made it feared by people who live around nuclear power plants and made these power plants a target for terrorists. The are at least two incidents involving nuclear power plants that had gone wrong within recent history. On April 26, 1987, Chernobyl nuclear facilitys number four reactor sustained catastrophic damage when a routine safety test went wrong. An explosion in the number four reactor spewed radioactive material miles into the air creating a radioactive situation 100 times worse than Hiroshima. The immediate death toll was 31, while thousands will have to live with the long term effects of the radioactivity (Chernobyl accident..2011). On March 28, 1979, Three Mile Island nuclear facility experienced an overheat condition in one of their nuclear reactors when operators noticed an increase in water flow to the reactor exceeding normal levels. They attempted to correct the problem, but only succeeded in making it worse. The incident was contained with minor exposure of radioactivity to the environment but not until after the radioactive fuel rods melted through the bottom of their HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../bio/Jennifer-Rosenberg-7900.htmcontainers. During the process some radioactivity escaped into the atmosphere (Three mile..2010). The examples of the disasters above show both the instability and destructive nature of the uranium used in nuclear power plants. Uranium and plutonium, the byproduct of nuclear fission, which is the process used to create nuclear energy, and are extremely unstable if not maintained perfectly in the correct conditions. The instability of these two radioactive elements can lead to both dangerous and destructive outcomes. As witnessed in the Three Mile Island disaster, when uranium is not properly cooled it can reach temperatures high enough to allow it to melt through its container causing the possible release of radioactive material into the environment. The outcome from the accidental release of radioactive material from a nuclear power plant into the environment is far more destructive and long term than the release of other energy producing materials, such as coal, oil, or other fossil fuels. Clean up is also a lot more difficult and hazardous. The effects of the release of radioa ctive material can last several billion years and can forever change the environment where it occurred. The after effects of an accidental release of fossil fuels, such as oil, from a typical power plant is far less dangerous (Diehl 2004). The wildlife repopulates and regrows quicker from the accidental release of fossil fuels than from the accidental release of nuclear energy. This shows how nuclear energy is dangerous to the health of the environment. The mining process of uranium for a nuclear power plant causes the same environmental effects as the mining of coal, on a smaller scale. The mining process also produces lead, a hazardous material known to cause cancer, birth defects, and other human and environmental problems. Uranium, unlike many other sources of energy, such as wind, water, and sun, is a non renewable resource. During mining, to keep ground water from entering the underground mine, uranium contaminated water is often pumped into local rivers and lakes, polluting that water as well. After the mine is shut down, there is a great risk of ground water becoming contaminated. Waste rock which is rock removed from the mines that does not have enough usable material in it is removed from the mine and piled above the surface. This material usually contains higher than normal amounts of radiation. This waste rock is often turned into gravel used for cement and paving roads, spreading radioactive material across large areas (Diehl 2004). This shows how even the mining process is very destructive and dangerous to the environment. While producing fewer greenhouse gases, nuclear power can hardly be considered an efficient, effective, cleaner alternative to the production of electricity. When compared to the amount of energy produced from the burning of fossil fuels, we see that the amount of power from a nuclear power plant is lower than that created from the burning of fossil fuels. It takes far more time and resources for nuclear power to equal the production from other sources such as fossil fuels (Linnerud 2011). In the increase in demand for energy from the nuclear power plants, the green house emissions also rise with the increase in production. This shows the inefficiency of nuclear power and the increase of greenhouse pollution. This proves that the increase of nuclear power in place of fossil fuels does not provide a reduction in climate changing effects during the production of energy (Lloyd 2006). Resources Chernobyl Nuclear Accident [homepage on the Internet]. World Nuclear Association; 2011 Mar..[cited 2011 Mar. 21]. Available from http://www.world-nuclear.org Diehl P. Uranium Mining and Milling Wastes: An Introduction. [homepage on the Internet]. 2004 Aug.15..[cited 2011 Mar. 21]. Available from http://www.wise-uranium.org Linnerud K. The Impact of Climate Change on Nuclear Power Supply, Energy Journal 2011; 32 (1): 149-168. Lloyd B. Nuclear Power and the Greenhouse Effect [homepage on the Internet]. Darwin (NT): Parlamentary Library Service; 2006. [cited 2011 Mar. 21]. Available from http://www.ntl.nt.gov.au. Three Mile Island Accident [homepage on the Internet]. World Nuclear Association; 2011 Mar..[cited 2010 Jan.]. Available from http://www.world-nuclear.org Wilcox C. Powerhouse. Minneapolis (MN): Carolrhoda Books, Inc. 1996. 48p.

Deforestation and Biodiversity Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

Deforestation, defined by biologist Charles Southwick as "the destruction of forests; may involve clear-cutting or selective logging" (p. 365), is a predominantly human-driven process that is dramatically altering ecosystems worldwide. "Clear-cutting" involves the indiscriminant removal of every single plant and tree species from within a selected area. The other major process of deforestation, "selective logging," focuses removal efforts on only specific, predetermined tree species within a chosen area. The statistics gathered about human deforestation over time are considerable, and they can be somewhat controversial. Depending on the source and the location selected, the magnitude of deforestation varies. Southwick estimates that, approximately 10,000 years ago, 6.2 billion hectares (23.9 million square miles) of forest existed on earth (p. 117). That figure is equivalent to 45.5% of the earth's total land. He further estimates that, by 1990, this amount had declined 30%, with onl y 4.3 billion hectares of forest remaining (p. 117). Southwick also acknowledges other estimates that place the total amount of deforestation between 50% and 75% (p. 117). NASA has similar deforestation statistics that confirm these trends. According to their website, 16.5% of the Brazilian Amazon forests have been destroyed. They also note similar magnitudes of deforestation in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), despite the significantly smaller total area of forest within these countries. These grim figures are somewhat tempered by the NASA finding that, over the past ten years, the deforestation rate has declined from 6,200 square miles per year to 4,800 square miles per year. Though this trend is n... ...later time. Though it is simply impossible to know what the ultimate effects will be on our long term survival as a species, it is important to bear in mind that, once a species has been eliminated through extinction, it cannot be brought back. So, for the overall health of our rainforests, their biodiversity, and the limitless potential contained therein, it is crucial for us, as humans, to make as honest an effort as possible at their preservation. References Southwick, Charles H. Global Ecology in Human Perspective. Oxford University Press: New York, 1996. Vandermeer, J. & Perfecto, I. Breakfast of Biodiversity. The Institute for Food and Development Policy: Oakland, CA, 1995. Websites NASA http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Deforestation/deforestation_3.html National Institute of Health http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1997/105-11/focus-abs.html

Heart Functions Essay

1.What do you notice about the sizes of the four chambers? Annotate the measurements you have recorded onto your drawing. The ventricles are much bigger than the atria and the left ventricle is bigger than the right ventricle. Left atrium wall: 0.4cm Left ventricle wall: 1.4 cm Right atrium wall: 0.2 cm Right ventricle wall: 0.6 cm 2.The left ventricle has a much thinker wall than the right ventricle; explain why this is. The left ventricle has a much thicker wall than the right ventricle because the left ventricle has to pump blood to the whole body while the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs. 3.What is the function of the tendinous cords attached to the bicuspid and tricuspid valves? The tendinous cords attached to the bicuspid and tricuspid valves hold the valves in place and prevent them from turning inside out. 4.Explain how blood flow in the heart moves in one direction only and trace the movement of a single red blood cell through the heart. The valves in the heart prevent the back flow of blood on the heart because they close shut whenever the blood starts flowing in the wrong direction. A deoxygenated red blood cell coming from the body would enter the heart from the vena cava into the right atrium. It would then go into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. From the right ventricle, it would be pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The red blood cell would be oxygenated in the lungs and would return to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. From the pulmonary vein, it would go through the bicuspid valves into the left ventricle and the left ventricle would pump it through the aorta to the rest of the body. 5.What is the function of the coronary arteries? The coronary arteries supply the cardiac muscle with the blood and in turn oxygen they need to contract.

Risk Syndrom in Teens essays

Risk Syndrom in Teens essays Risk Syndrome Found In Overweight Teens There are several issues that need to be dealt with in the world today but overweight teens is something so important that it requires immediate attention. Nearly 1 million U.S. teenagers suffer from a syndrome associated with being overweight that makes them unusually prone to diabetes and premature heart disease later in life(Washington Post 2003), this number frightens me. This article information is as of 2003, but unfortunately the situation has only got worse. When searching for an article in the Washington Post to use for my report, this one struck my eye, or heart. Reason why My generation ( teens ) is mentioned in the title of this article along with the devastating word Overweight. Everyone knows that being overweight is setting you up for heart disease, and heart disease for the early aged is key for a short life. In this article I learned that this metabolic syndrome is becoming more popular among the American population particularly the young who are overweight, Its very , very disturbing. Youre talking about people who havent even become adults yet who are already on the way to cardiovascular disease, (Washington Post 2003) says Michael Weitzman, director of American Academy of Pediatrics Center for Child Health Research. This quote shows exactly how I feel about the issue, especially since its affecting my generation, which ultimately affects me. Another interesting fact that I learned through this article was that, Previous studies found that 22 percent of U.S. adults have metabolic syndrome, but no one had assessed the prevalence of the disorder in teenagers, (Washington Post 2003) showing that the disorder in teenagers was not being watched closely enough earlier, now that the study has been done we need to do something about it and reduce these numbers in teens immediately. The next thing ...

Rights essays

Rights essays The ratio in America between homosexual and heterosexual people has grown emessly since the late 1970s. The ratio used to be 2 out of every 20 people its, now 7 out of every 20 people. Gays in America have been miss treated for along time until they had there own rights pass and put together organizations together to protect each other. For along time gays were not allowed in the military, and if there were accepted they would have to hide there sexuality. One organization named the Alliance that was put together to protect gay rights. This organization is a nation wide, nonpartisan organization formed to promote and secure full civil rights for Lesbians, Gay men and Bisexual and Transgender women and men in the United States. There goal are to strengthen and unite the gay community through participation in Americas political process and to increase awareness about Gay issues amongst the general public, politicians, and the media. In 1995, the sexual orientation civil rights law was by the Rhode Island legislature and signed into law by Gov. Lincoln Almond. This capped an eleven year struggle to pass law. Rhode Island is the ninth state to protect its gay, bisexual and lesbian citizens from discrimination joining Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey , Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and Hawaii. Several advances for gay equally occurred this year across the united states including the passage of hate crimes measure in Hawaii, which now moves to the desk of democrat Ben Cayetano for signing, says the human rights campaign. The Hawaii hate crimes bill capped off a series of successful measures across the nation that have advanced equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Americans, said HRC Field Director Seth Kilberm, we are heartened by the positive momentum and applaud the activists in Hawaii for their incredible victory in passing the state hate crimes law. If Cayetona signs the bi ll as expected,...

Integration of Focused Assessments and Review of Systems using QCPR at Research Paper

Integration of Focused Assessments and Review of Systems using QCPR at Trauma Hosiptal - Research Paper Example However, some of the organizations such Trauma hospitals have managed to improve their accuracy in recording patients’ records, delivery of accurate results from their diagnosis and backing-up their patients’ records that are used in any future reference on these patients in case any information regarding the patient is required. Therefore, it is advisable for all medical institutions to develop QCPR system within their organizations in order to enhanced patients’ recording process during medication that requires emergencies. II. Aims of the Study Over the years, medical institutions have faced pressure from their respective government and clients on the need towards the better provision of health care facilities and medications. This requires the organizations to adopt measures that would allow them to introduce a computerized system within their working premises for better service provision. Moreover, the introduction of computerized system would help in the re duction of costs and time consumption that has been experienced before (Mahoney 56). Therefore, the aim of this research paper is to identify various importance of the system using QCPR at Trauma Hospitals in enhancing the medication process especially in recording of patients while dealing with cases that requires emergency attentions. III. ... lped during the analysis of data as they were used to compare some of the information gathered during the research period, for accurate information to be produced. One of the documents that were found helpful while conducting this research is the journal article by Mahoney (92) bearing the title Transforming Health Information Management Through Technology. Through this document, it was easy to note how the implementation of computerized system within healthcare centers needs to be achieved, various importance of systems using QCPR within hospitals and some of the cautions that need to be taken care of in the implementation and use of the QCPR system (Mahoney 59). IV. Methodologies Need for the production of accurate information regarding the research study required that appropriate data collection methods were to be used (Mahoney 60). Therefore, after considering various data collection methods, interviews, use of questionnaires, observations and document analysis were used. Through observation, time taken for hospitals that uses QCPR were taken and compared to the one that have not yet developed computerized system within their organizations. Through the use of interviews, various patients and doctors were interviewed to gather information on the QCPR system as compared to the manual system and some of the challenges faced in the use of QCPR. While in dealing with document analysis, different documents used during the research period were analysis based on the information contain in them in order for synthesized information to be derived. A Diagram showing results of Questionnaire based on the selected Doctors and Patients Fig. 1 V. Data Analysis and Findings After ensuring that all the available data had been collected, all the information gathered was combined for

Special Topics in international Business Assignment

Special Topics in international Business - Assignment Example (Aswathappa, 2006). Trade barriers greatly affect the decisions on international businesses as they impose restrictions on international trade in specific country or economic region. Thus, the company willing to export goods to a foreign market where trade barriers are high may find this business strategy inevitable because of high costs incurred in result of trade barriers (Aswathappa, 2006). Globalisation has created both opportunities and challenges for the international business. Some of the major opportunities are: opportunity to reach global market and to increase significantly revenues, opportunity to reach economies of scales, to reduce manufacturing costs by otsourcing production facilities to other countries, opportunities to gain access to technical expertise and technical know-how, opportunity to reach global resources that are not available or expensive in home country risks (Wild & Wild, 2011). Thus, for example, the UAE-based airline company, the Emirates Group, was founded in 1985. Nowadays, the company provides passenger, postal and cargo carriage services across the world (Wild & Wild, 2011). Globalisation allowed the company to expand significantly the number of destinations up to 100, to achieve economies of scales, to develop additional sources of revenue, etc. However, globalisation poses substantial challenges for international business as well. While the international companies gain access to global markets, they simultaneously face with fierce competition on behalf of both local and international companies. Another significant challenge is associated with the fact that companies need to work in different countries with different cultures. The companies that have no previous experience in international business it might be quite difficult to adjust to the cultural differences. With the development of IT operations the

Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Population - Essay Example From these projections, we can see that the future population growth seems to slow down as compared to the past growth which accounted for most of the increase in food demand. However, although the population growth in developing countries shows promising reduction rate, it will still be slightly higher than that of developed countries. This could be mainly because of higher fertility rates in the developing countries than the developed countries. There is always the threat of a society overtaxing the available agricultural resources thus returning to a subsistence level of existence. This is the Malthusian catastrophe which depends on the fact of exponential human population growth and arithmetic growth of agricultural resources. To prevent the possibility of a growing human population with demands that surpass agricultural capability, there should be a way to avert radical social changes such as a decline in population. One such solution is the reduction of fertility rates by promoting the use of birth control methods especially in the developing countries. This is because they have higher fertility rates thus higher population growth rates. This method would substantially reduce the growing difference between the developing and developed nations thus avert the Malthusian

Alternative Assessment Essay Example for Free

Alternative Assessment Essay Consequently, assessment has also undergone a massive reform. This has led to a wider range of assessment now than there was twenty-five years ago (Gipps, 1994). Evidence has shown that educational systems have undergone assessment reforms, which are coincident with curriculum reforms (Nitko, 1995). A number of assessment methods have been applied in the Ghanaian educational system since the introduction of schooling in the country (MOE, 1987). The educational reform in Ghana began with the hope that learning was to be more practical and examinations should be based on practical oriented syllabus. What had emerged was that the cost and difficulties involved in assessing students’ practical work and the unreliability of teachers’ assessment had resulted in a return to the status quo, that is pen and paper tests. Currently, Ghanaian teachers tend to monitor students’ understanding through pen-and-paper tests and exercises in class, and move through the syllabus and textbook with little or no attempt to use new instructional strategies if students do not understand the material. The use of pen-and-paper tests has been used almost exclusively by schools to monitor students’ achievement. These tools have also dominated examination for the 1 professional certification of teacher and college admission. These strategies of assessing students have come under severe criticism by many educators (Wolf, 19891). The perception that much of what gets tested is not relevant or has not been taught to students has been a source of concern to many educators and parents. Such concerns have made educators direct their attention to a new approach to testing variously described as â€Å"performance assessment†, â€Å"authentic assessment†, portfolio assessment†, and â€Å"alternative assessment† (Winzer, 1992). The Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM, 1989) call for significant change in the way mathematics is taught. In conjunction with this demand for change in mathematics instruction, a change format for assessing students is needed. To document these new expressions of teaching and learning, alternative assessments have emerged as the vehicle by which students and teachers can organise, manage and analyse life inside and outside the school. One of the most exciting and liberating things about the current interest in assessment is the recognition that numerous assessment tools are available to schools, districts, and states that are developing new assessment systems. These tools range from standardized fixed-response tests to alternatives such as performance assessment, exhibitions, portfolios, and observation scales. However, in Ghana, alternative assessment is relatively an unknown concept and only few researches have been conducted in this area. Each type of assessment brings with it different strengths and weaknesses to the problem of fair and equitable assessment. Recognizing the complexity of understanding performance or success for individuals, it is virtually impossible that any single tool will 2 do the job of fairly assessing student performance. Instead, the National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (1996) suggests that an assessment system made up of multiple assessments (including norm-referenced or criterion-referenced assessments, alternative assessments, and classroom assessments) can produce comprehensive, credible, dependable information upon which important decisions can be made about students, schools, districts, or states. Since the influence of testing on curriculum and instruction is now widely acknowledged, educators, policymakers, and others are turning to alternative assessment methods as a tool for educational reform. The movement away from traditional, multiplechoice tests to alternative assessments, variously called authentic assessment or performance assessment, has included a wide variety of strategies such as open-ended questions, exhibits, demonstrations, hands-on execution of experiments, computer simulations, writing in many disciplines, and portfolios of student work over time. These terms and assessment strategies have led the quest for more meaningful assessments which better capture the significant outcomes we want students to achieve and better match the kinds of tasks which they will need to accomplish in order to assure their future success. Billions of dollars are spent each year on education, yet there is widespread dissatisfaction with our educational system among educators, parents, policymakers, and the business community. Efforts to reform and restructure schools have focused attention on the role of assessment in school improvement. 3.  After years of increases in the quantity of formalized testing and the consequences of poor test scores, many educators have begun to strongly criticize the measures used to monitor student performance and evaluate programs. They claim that traditional measures fail to assess significant learning outcomes and thereby undermine curriculum, instruction, and policy decisions. The way in which students are assessed fundamentally affects their learning. Good assessment practice is designed to ensure that, in order to pass the module or programme, students have to demonstrate they have achieved the intended learning outcomes. To test a wide range of intended learning outcomes, diversity of assessment practice between and within different subjects is to be expected and welcomed, requiring and enabling students to demonstrate their capabilities and achievements within each module or programme. The aim of this paper is to provide a guide to the range of alternative assessment tools available, to discuss the potential benefits and difficulties in using the approach and suggest a process for its use. Alternative Assessment Alternative assessment is a generic term referring to the new forms of assessment (Winzer, 1992). It includes a variety of instruments that can be adapted to varying situations. The teacher and the students can collaboratively decide which procedures are to be used for assessment (Huerta Macias 1995). Individual students are also often given the responsibility of selecting specific products of their work on which they will be assessed. It provides the students with the opportunity to reflect on his/her learning 4 experience, pointing out what he/she understands, and the factors that contribute to his/her lack of understanding. The main goal of alternative assessment is to gather evidence about how students are approaching, processing, and completing â€Å"real-life† tasks in a particular domain (Garcia and Pearson, 1994). Alternative assessment may include interviews with students, journal writing by students, developing portfolios of students’ work and writing of reflections. Also, students are encouraged to engage in small co-operative group learning and may be assessed individually and jointly. Alternative assessment, most importantly, provides alternative to traditional assessment in that it; i. ii.does not intrude on regular classroom activities; provides multiple indices that can be used to gauge students progress; and iii. provides information on the strengths and weaknesses of each individual student (Huerta-Macias, 1995; p. 9) One of the major advantages of alternative assessment as a tool for assessing students is that it empowers students to become partners and decision makers in their learning (Smolen et al 1995). Curran (1997) in his study with middle level educators found that alternative assessment is most valuable for students’ involvement in metacognitive learning. Vlaskamp (1995) found that alternative assessment processes engage students to become active in learning. The processes offer them opportunities for reflection and to be thoughtful respondents and judges of their own learning. Lee (1996) 5 found that the real value of alternative assessment is an information source for teachers and a learning tool for the students. Alternative assessment includes a variety of instruments that can be adapted to varying situations. These instruments include the use of checklist of students’ behaviour or product, journals, reading log, videos of role plays, audio tape of discussions, self evaluation, questionnaire, work samples and teacher observation of anecdotal records (Huerta-Macias, 1995, p. 12). According to her, the teacher or instructor and students can collaboratively decide which procedures are to be used for assessment in a given class. Individual students are also given the responsibility of selecting specific products of their work on which they will be assessed. Portfolio Assessment The concept of portfolio assessment comes from the field of fine arts in which portfolios are used to demonstrate the depth and breath of an artist’s talents and capabilities. A portfolio is a systematic, well organised collection of evidence used to monitor the growth of a student’s knowledge, skills and attitudes (Bonnestetter, 1994). It is a purposeful collection of students work that exhibits to the students and others the student’s efforts, progress or achievement in (a) given area(s) (Reckase 1995). This collection according to them should include: ? Student participation in selection of portfolio contents ? The criteria for selection, and evidence of student self-reflection (p. 12) To fulfil the purpose of portfolio assessment as a methodology based on multiple measures and high content validity, the portfolio is to be composed of materials that 6 should be selected jointly by the student and the teacher to reflect the students work over the entire schooling period. activities. To help the students select materials for the portfolio, a set of guidelines should be made available to the students. The guidelines include how the content of the All work are to be taken directly from the classroom portfolio is to be selected and the criteria that would be used to assess the portfolios. The contents of the students’ portfolios are to include the following: i. ii. iii. iv. individual assignments (homework and tests); group assignments; self reflection on each selected student or group work group reflection on group work. The reflections are to indicate evidence of learning mathematics in the school, what they know and can do. They are also to explain what they have understood and the action that contributes to their understanding. They are to identify what they still do not understand and explain the cause of their lack of understanding and what they can do to change the situation. Journal A journal is a daily or weekly record of occurrences, experiences or observations (Berenson and Carter, 1995). Journal writing by students can be used to record the daily and weekly mathematics learning experiences and the attitude of students towards mathematics. The journal can be used to keep track of the students’ progress in  mathematics and to gain insight into the understanding and misunderstanding of the 7 student. The journal can also be used to document the students attitudinal changes during the project. Students are asked to write three sets of journals in each semester (term). The first one is to be written during the first week of the semester (term), the second in the fourth week and the third journal in the last week of the semester (term). At the beginning of the semester(term), the students should be asked to write journals to indicate their previous and current feelings about mathematics. They are also to assess their strengths and weaknesses in mathematics, pointing out the factors that contributed to their failure or success and describe what they need to do. During the fourth week of the semester, the students would be asked again to write journals to identify ideas they understood easily during discussions with the teacher or their colleagues, and then explain why it was easy for them to understand such ideas. They are to identify ideas, which are still difficult for them to understand, and explain why they thnk they are having such difficulties in comprehending these ideas. They are to comment on a homework or class test they did, and explain why they thought they did well or did not do well. They are to identify aspects of their work that needed improvement. They are also to explain what they learned from doing homework or taking a test and state what they would do differently if they are to do the homework or take the test again. During the last week of the semester(term), students are to write another journal. They should be asked to express their feelings of the test, classwork, homework etc, and their feeling about mathematics. They are to state whether there is any improvement in 8 their learning or understanding of mathematics, and identify things, which contribute to their understanding or lack of understanding. Journal writing can be used as means of regularly focusing on course progress and possible modifications. The journals are the first step in placing the responsibility for learning with the students. Research had found that the journal was an important diagnostic tool in three important ways. First, as a writing sample, it provided information about students’ strengths and weaknesses in mathematics. Second, the journals gave an indication of how the students perceived themselves, and finally, the journals revealed students’ perceptions of the mathematics learning process. The journal the students write will help teachers to know early in the course how students perceived themselves as mathematics learners and how they understood the learning process entailed. Whenever their work was seen, evaluations were made which either corroborated their assessment or highlighted their misconceptions. With this information, the students will be helped to become better more efficient learners. When misconceptions are discovered, students will be helped to establish realistic expectations about what mathematics skills they need to achieve their goals. In fact, the first journal they write is an important point of reference when working with individual students and helping them to identify their objectives during the learning process. Research findings show that journal writing provides the opportunities for the students to reflect on the learning process, and to develop new learning skills. These opportunities will help the students to identify differences between their school experiences and those they are encountering at college. 9 Challenges Testing for accountability purpose is essentially large scale testing and for this reason it relies on tests that are relatively cheap, brief, offer broad but shallow coverage, are easy to score and reliable (Gipps, 1994). Alternative assessment by contrast is timeconsuming, tends to provide detailed multi- dimensional information about a particular skill or area; (and because of time factor, depth may be exchanged for breadth), scoring is generally complex and usually involves the classroom teacher Standardisation of the performance is not possible and therefore reliability in the traditional sense is not high (Mehrens, 1992). However, alternative assessment in general, has become the cornerstone of educational reform movement. The arguments for using these forms of assessment to support instructional practice are that; (i) they engage students in tasks that are more comprehensive and consistent with the goals of a discipline or resonant with the desired outcomes of educational process; (ii) they provide detailed evidence about student’s thinking that enables more specific instructional decision making; and (iii) they encourage students to take active role in their own assessment enabling a sharing responsibility for learning (LeMahieu, et.al. 1995, p11) Many educators are of the view that alternative assessment must be held to the same stringent standard of reliability, validity and objectivity as those achieved by standardised norm referenced assessment, if it is to provide credible and legally defensible measure of learning and performance (Linn and Burtin, 1994). 10 Objections to alternative assessment are often voiced in terms of validity, reliability and objectivity. Questions that focus around these issues are: i. ii. iii. Does the instrument measure what it is supposed to measure? Is the instrument consistent in its measurement? Is the instrument unbiased? (Garcia and Pearson, 1994). Alternative assessment represents the best of worlds in that it looks at actual performance on real life tasks, such as writing, self-editing, reading, participation in collaborative work, and doing a demonstration in front of a group. These procedures are in themselves valid (Garcia and Pearson, 1994). As regards reliability of alternative assessment, Huerta Macias (1955), mentions triangulation as a means of ensuring reliability in a qualitative research. In qualitative research, triangulation refers to the combination of methodologies to strengthen a study design. When applied to alternative assessment, triangulation refers to the collection of data/information from three difference sources/perspectives teacher, student, and parent. On the question of objectivity of alternative assessment, research findings show that, standardised tests merely represent agreement among a number of people on scoring procedures, format or content. These individuals are not objective; they just collectively shared the same biases. In this regard, Huerta Marcias (1995) says that standardised test is not more objective than an alternative assessment. Other challenges of alternative assessment have to do with curriculum and instructional practice. Torrance (1993) reviewed the impact alternative assessment has on curricular and instructional practice in the context of the National Assessment in England and Wales. Among the concerns raised were exorbitant demands on teachers, adding up 11 to two to three hours of extra work daily. Teachers also reported dissatisfaction with managing assessment interactions with small groups of students while trying to maintain the focus of all students. Torrance (1993) concluded that teachers treated assessment as a special activity set apart from teaching, and they felt obliged to do this by the instructions they received, a vision at odds with the integrated assessment and instruction offered by alternative assessment advocates. The question of relative practicality of alternative and traditional assessment in terms of time consumption has been raised by many authors (Linn, 1993; Gipps 1994). Research results indicate that alternative assessment is not more time consuming than traditional assessment on the part of the students. Research has shown that students can cope with the time demands of the alternative assessment(Eshun Abledu, 2000). Educational Implications and Recommendations The following educational implications and recommendations are made for improving the academic performance and enhancing positive attitude of students in mathematics: i. Through alternative assessment processes, the teacher is given the opportunity to know from the students’ journals and portfolios the positive and negative points of his teaching process and work out strategies for his subsequent teaching. ii. Alternative assessment processes offer a chance for the development of better student- student and student-teacher relationship. During their group work and discussions of their journals with the teacher a friendly climate is generated which helps them to get to know one another better. 12 iii. With alternative assessment the teacher is given a chance to break the everyday monotonous teaching routine. Activities are organised for the students that create a pleasant and motivating atmosphere in the classroom, which revives the interest of the pupils for the subject. iv. Alternative assessment processes lead to discovery learning and planning. Thus, it is valuable for increasing and maintaining the efficiency of the skills and concepts that the students learn. However, it makes heavy demands on the teacher to plan activities for the students. v. Students who have language problems will be unwilling to communicate in writing with the teacher. Teachers who use alternative assessment processes should rely more on oral interview than the writing of journal. vi. The positive benefits of alternative assessment lie not only in its  implementation but also in the teachers’ ability to extend and enrich the curriculum through the activities he/she arranges for the students. Thorough planning and understanding of the skills students must develop are prerequisite to successful implementation of alternative assessment processes. Teachers must be trained to live up to the task. It is recommended therefore that pre-service teachers be introduced to the alternative assessment processes. In-service and induction courses on alternative assessment can be organised for teachers who are already teaching. This training is worthwhile since teachers will have the means to bring about higher achievement in mathematics and higher attitudinal changes in female pre-service teachers towards mathematics. 13 vii. Teachers need to provide many opportunities for students to explore and reflect on mathematical concepts. Having students talk and write about mathematical concepts and how these ideas are applied in various problems situation can strengthen their understanding and provide valuable information to the teachers. It is therefore recommended that mathematics concepts be presented to students through the alternative assessment processes. This will then enhance the current programme of promoting the interest of girls in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (STME). viii. To evaluate our programmes and the progress students are making, me must look beyond the current traditional assessment alone, and find better ways of assessing students’ creativity, ability, and sensitivity in mathematics. The point is, continuous assessment ought to provide a more comprehensive view of pupils’ all-round performance. The Ministry of Education (MOE), the Ghana Education Service (GES) and other policy makers on education must adopt alternative assessment to improve female students’ performance and attitudes in mathematics. Conclusion Knowing mathematics is doing mathematics. We need to create situations where students can be active, creative, and responsive to the physical world. I believe that to learn mathematics, students must construct it for themselves. They can only do that by exploring, justifying, representing, discussing, using, describing, investigating, 14  predicting, in short by being active in the world. Alternative assessment is an ideal activity for such processes. Reference Brady, R. (1991). A Close Look at Student Problem Solving and the Teaching of Mathematics: Predicaments and Possibilities. School Social Science and Mathematics. 91(4), 144-150. Eshun B. A and Abledu, G. K. (2001): The Effects of Alternative Assessment on the Attitudes and Achievement in Mathematics of Female Pre-service Teachers. African Journal of Educational Studies. Vol. 1. p. 21-30 Garcia, G. E. Pearson, P. D. (1994). Assessment and Diversity. In L. Darling Hammond (Ed. ) Review of Research Education . 337-391. Huerta – Macias, A. (1995). Alternative Assessment: Responses to Commonly asked Questions. TESOL Journal. 5 (1) : 8-11. Smolen, L. et. al. (1995). Developing Student Self-Assessment strategies. TESOL Journal. Vol. 5(1) 22 27. Gipps, C. V. (1994). Beyond testing: Towards a theory of educational assessment. The Falmer Press, London. Lee, T. W. (1996). Mathematics portfolios. NCTM’s goals and students perceptions. A complex analysis. Abstract International 57 (6). Vlaskamp, D. C. (1995). Encouragement of Student Learning through a Portfolio Process. Dissertation Abstract International. 55(1). Mehren, W. A (1992). Using Performance assessment for accountability Purposes. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice. 11, (1), 3-9. 15 Linn, R. L. Burton, E. (1994). Performance Based Assessment: Implications of Task Specificity. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice. 13 (1) 5-8. Torrance, H. (1993). Combining measurement –driven instruction with authentic assessment: Some initial observations. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,15, 18-90. 16.